Addressing the Key Challenges for BRYOMOLECULES 

Bryophytes represent a promising source of natural bioactive compounds (BACs) for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. However, several barriers must be addressed to discover their full potential. 

To better understand these challenges, we interviewed Elisa Morganti, European Programme Manager at Hub Innovazione Trentino (HIT). During our conversation, she highlighted four key areas that the BRYOMOLECULES project is addressing: 

• Limited sustainable availability: Bryophytes have a largely untapped BAC richness, partially due to generally slow growth and biomass production. To overcome such constraints in the acquisition of BACs of interest, BRYOMOLECULES will take two major approaches:  (1) attempting novel axenic-based cultivation systems of the most relevant native bryophyte species, and (2) engineering of homologous host systems (fast-growing, model bryophytes or angiosperms, and other model organisms like yeast and bacteria) 

• Strict legislation: The development of new active ingredients from bryophytes must comply with regulations governing access to genetic resources and benefit sharing (ABS), such as the Nagoya Protocol. These regulations may vary by country and cover both research and industrial applications. While BRYOMOLECULES does not anticipate commercial applications during the project implementation timeline, all bryophyte sampling is conducted in full compliance with ABS-related requirements. Cosmetic ingredient development will also comply with Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 on cosmetic products. 

• Complexity of bryophytes’ biological processes involved in the natural BACs production 

• Consumer attitude: Many people have limited knowledge of GMOs and often rely on internet and media sources, where information can be inaccurate or misleading. Bryophytes are also frequently perceived as lawn weeds rather than organisms with remarkable physical and chemical diversity and important ecological roles. To improve acceptance of bryophyte-derived BACs, transparent communication on sourcing, production processes, efficacy, and safety will be essential. 

In addition to the barriers discussed during the interview, BRYOMOLECULES is also addressing another important challenge: 

• Cost-effectiveness: Producing natural bioactive compounds through conventional chemical industrial processes can be expensive, particularly amid rising energy costs and supply chain challenges. To improve sustainability and reduce costs, BRYOMOLECULES focuses on optimising cultivation, harvesting, and BAC extraction methods,  on waste reduction and utilisation, economies of scale and market diversification. A lab-scaled Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) will also be conducted to help identify opportunities to enhance efficiency and sustainability. 

Overcoming these legislative, societal, and economic barriers will be crucial for supporting the future development of innovative and sustainable bryophyte-derived bioactive compounds and bringing their benefits closer to consumers.